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强行从乘客身上搜取高额车费如何定性/龚晓明

时间:2024-06-25 14:23:58 来源: 法律资料网 作者:法律资料网 阅读:8951
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疑案精解

案情:一天凌晨4时,王某与邓某驾驶无运营资格的出租车到火车站拉活。女子马某上车后,王某没有打开计价器,且故意绕道行驶。马某发现后提出下车,二人不许,并将车后门锁住。把马某拉到下车地点后,王某要求马某支付车费。马某提出给15元,王某认为给得太少,邓某则用言语威胁马某并搜身,搜出现金35元。

分歧意见:对王某、邓某的行为如何定性,办案人员存在两种意见。

第一种意见认为,王某和邓某的行为构成抢劫罪。其理由是:两人以非法占有为目的,采用暴力及以暴力相威胁的方法强行从马某身上搜取现金,其行为符合抢劫罪的构成要件。

第二种意见认为,王某和邓某的行为构成强迫交易罪。其理由是:两人在营运过程中,以明显高出市场的价格要求顾客支付现金。在顾客拒绝之后,采用威胁、搜身等手段等强迫他人提供对价,情节严重,其行为符合强迫交易罪的构成要件。

评析:笔者赞同第二种意见。

一、行为人是否从事商品买卖、交易、劳动服务是区别抢劫罪和强迫交易罪的前提。如果行为人在商品买卖、交易、劳动服务的过程中,以暴力、胁迫手段迫使他人交出与合理价钱、费用相差不大的钱物,情节严重的,应以强迫交易罪定罪处罚。商品交易是在平等民事主体之间发生的法律关系,应当遵循市场交易中的自愿与公平原则。但在实际中,交易一方强买强卖、强迫他人提供服务或者强迫他人接受服务的现象时有发生,这种行为违背了市场交易原则,破坏了市场交易秩序,侵害了消费者或经营者的合法权益。如果行为人以暴力、威胁手段强行交易,就具有严重的社会危害性,情节严重的,应依法追究刑事责任。

从本案来看,王某和邓某虽然没有合法的营运手续,但两人在从事非法营运期间,并不具有抢劫故意。两人绕道行驶、索要高价等都是其欺客、宰客的表现,其收取的费用并不是毫无根据。由此可以推断出两人的行为还是建立在交易的基础上,只是这种交易行为违背了交易双方公平、自由、平等、诚实信用的原则,侵犯了消费者的合法权益。

二、行为人索要价格是否太离谱。构成强迫交易罪必须有交易事实的存在,所谓“交易”即指平等民事主体之间进行商业活动所形成法律关系。其特征有二:一是平等自愿(自愿原则),二是支付对价(有偿原则)。

在具体区别认定两种犯罪行为时,既要考虑超出合理价钱、费用的绝对数额,还要考虑超出合理价钱、费用的比例,加以综合判断。行为人以暴力、胁迫手段迫使他人交出与合理价钱、费用相差不大的钱物,虽然也是出于非法占有的目的,但差距不大的,应以强迫交易罪论处。行为人如果出于非法占有的目的,以暴力、胁迫手段迫使对方交出与合理价钱、费用相差悬殊的钱物的,其行为即构成抢劫罪。

三、暴力、胁迫的程度。从所采取的手段来看,抢劫罪行为人的“暴力”程度足以危及被害人的身体健康或者生命安全或者使被害人失去人身自由,致被害人不能或者不敢抗拒;“胁迫”程度达到致使被害人产生恐惧,不敢抗拒;或者是使用使被害人不知抗拒或者丧失反抗能力的其他方法等等,从而达到任其抢走财物或者使被害人立即交出财物的目的。而强迫交易犯罪中的“暴力”是指行为人对被害人的身体实行某种强制力,但其暴力程度仅限于造成轻伤以下,如用拳打、脚踢、强拉硬拽等。

从上述分析来看,本案中王某和邓某的行为应属于强迫交易行为。

(作者单位:四川省成都市青羊区人民检察院)

运城市人民政府办公厅关于印发运城市中小学幼儿园安全保卫工作暂行规定的通知

山西省运城市人民政府办公厅


运城市人民政府办公厅关于印发运城市中小学幼儿园安全保卫工作暂行规定的通知

运政办发〔2010〕149号


各县(市、区)人民政府,各开发区和空港新区管委会,市直有关单位:
  《运城市中小学幼儿园安全保卫工作暂行规定》已经市人民政府同意,现印发给你们,请认真组织实施。


  二〇一〇年十月二十六日


  运城市中小学幼儿园安全保卫工作暂行规定


  第一章 总则
  第一条 为了加强全市中小学幼儿园内部安全保卫工作,保障师生及儿童的人身和财产安全,根据国务院《企业事业单位内部治安保卫条例》(国务院令第421号)、中央综治办教育部公安部《关于进一步加强学校幼儿园安全防范工作建立健全长效工作机制的意见》(公通字[2010]38号),以及省政府办公厅《关于加强学校安全管理工作的通知》(晋政办发[2010]40号)的文件精神,结合我市实际,制定本规定。
  第二条 本规定的适用范围是我市辖区内经市、县两级教育行政部门审批注册的中小学校和幼儿园。
  第三条 中小学幼儿园内部安全保卫工作应坚持“谁主管谁负责,谁主办谁负责”的原则,中小学校和幼儿园是责任主体,教育部门统一管理,公安机关履行监督指导职能。
  第四条 中小学幼儿园内部安全保卫工作的任务是:预防恐怖活动、刑事案件、治安案件和治安灾害事故,维护学校幼儿园内部的治安秩序,保障学校幼儿园师生、儿童的人身和财产安全。
  第二章 标准
  第五条 中小学幼儿园应当设置治安保卫机构,根据需要配备专、兼职保卫干部和专职保安人员,要合理的确定专业保安人员的数量,专门从事门卫和校园内部的巡逻、防控工作,保卫力量应当与担负的保卫任务相适应。
  第六条 中小学幼儿园应当设置以下实体防护设施:
  (一)校园四周要构筑具有防翻越功能的围墙或栅栏;
  (二)中小学幼儿园大门应当设置防冲撞设施;
  (三)教室、宿舍应当安装制式安全门;
  (四)配电室、锅炉房、二次供水设备、食品储藏室、易燃易爆化学(剧毒)危险物品库房、财务室、实验室、计算机室、图书馆等重要部位应当加装制式防盗门窗;
  (五)国家规定的其他有关实体防护设施。
  第七条 中小学幼儿园应当设置以下技术防范设备:
  (一)沿校园围墙(栅栏)设置“周界入侵”报警设备;
  (二)重要出入口、通道、大院、操场、教学区、宿舍区和要害部位要设置视频监控设备;回放的图像应能辨别人的体貌特征,录像资料保存时间不少于30天;
  (三)存储易燃、易爆、剧毒等危险物品和二次供水的场所要安装两种以上探测原理的入侵报警系统;
  (四)大中型学校幼儿园要设置监控室,配备应急处置力量,应对突发事件;
  (五)国家规定的其他技防设施。
  校园视频监控系统和报警设施应当与公安机关110指挥中心和当地派出所挂接与联网。
  第八条 校园应当实行严格的封闭式管理,严禁无关人员入内。
  第九条 学校幼儿园应当制定并落实以下保卫工作制度,严格内部管理:
  (一)门卫、值班、巡查制度;
  (二)教学、科研场所、宿舍食堂和校车接送的安全管理制度;
  (三)现金、票据、印鉴以及爆炸性、易燃性、毒害性、传染性、腐蚀性等危险物品的使用、保管制度;
  (四)消防及交通安全管理制度;
  (五)治安防范教育培训及奖惩制度。
  第十条 中小学幼儿园保安人员要经专业培训合格,才能上岗值勤,应配备通信设备、电警棍、橡胶棒、警用钢叉、盾牌、催泪喷雾器、防割橡胶手套等自卫警械器具。
  第十一条 制定和完善应急、反恐防暴预案,定期组织实战演练,不断提高师生心理承受能力和自防、自卫、自救的能力。
  第十二条 教育、公安、住建、交通运输、文广新、卫生、工商、质检等部门,应当依法维护学校周边秩序与治安环境,并达到以下要求:
  (一)校园周边设置必要的治安岗亭与报警点,实施重点治安巡逻防控,治安秩序良好;
  (二)校园周边交通警示标志与设施设置规范,校车及其司机具备资质,交通秩序良好;
  (三)校园周边无违法、违章建筑,无影响学校安全的场所或者设施;
  (四)校园周边200米内无影响教学秩序、学生身心健康的的娱乐场所和非法出版物;
  (五)校园周边饮食单位符合卫生标准,非法经营的小卖部、饮食摊点依法及时予以取缔。
  第三章 职责
  第十三条 制定职权清楚、责任明确的校(园)长、教师、部门、重点部位负责人内部安全保卫工作责任制,形成严密的防控网络。
  第十四条 学校幼儿园主要负责人的职责是:
  (一)健全保卫机构、配备专、兼职保卫干部与专职保安人员;
  (二)落实保卫工作所需的经费、装备、设备和设施;
  (三)指导保卫部门制定、落实内部安全保卫工作制度、计划和处置突发事件预案;
  (四)处理本单位内部安全保卫工作的重大问题;
  (五)其他应当承担的安全保卫工作职责。
  第十五条 学校幼儿园保卫机构、治安保卫人员的职责是:
  (一)开展治安防范宣传教育,落实本单位内部的治安保卫制度和治安防范措施;
  (二)查验进入校园人员的证件并登记,禁止无关人员、车辆和物品入内;
  (三)进行校园内的治安防范巡逻和检查,建立巡逻、检查和治安隐患整改记录;
  (四)维护校园内部的治安秩序,制止发生在校园内部的违法犯罪行为,对难以制止的犯罪行为应当立即报警,采取措施保护案件、事故现场,配合公安机关的侦查、处置工作;
  (五)组织实施校园处置突发事件预案的演练;
  (六)督促落实校园内部治安防范设施的建设和维护。
  第十六条 教育行政部门对学校安全工作履行下列职责:
  (一)全面掌握中小学幼儿园安全工作状况,制定学校安全工作考核目标,加强对学校安全工作的检查指导,督促学校建立健全并落实安全管理制度;
  (二)建立安全工作责任制和事故责任追究制,及时消除安全隐患;
  (三)制定学校安全工作应急预案,指导、监督各类中小学校和幼儿园开展安全工作。
  第十七条 公安机关负责对辖区的校园内部安全履行以下监督指导和服务职责:
  (一)指导校园制定、完善内部安全保卫工作制度,落实安全防范措施,组建保卫机构和保卫队伍;
  (二)检查指导学校幼儿园内部的治安保卫工作,及时发现治安隐患,并责令限期整改;
  (三)协助校园排查发现涉校矛盾纠纷,并采取措施予以化解,防止矛盾激化,形成危害;
  (四)对校园内部发生的治安案件、刑事案件、治安灾害事故的报警,要及时出警,依法处置。
  第十八条 政府有关职能部门应当营造良好的校园周边秩序与治安环境,依法严格履行以下职责:
  (一)公安机关应当把学校周边地区作为重点治安巡逻区域,在治安情况复杂的学校周边地区增设治安岗亭和报警点,及时发现排除治安隐患,处置扰乱学校秩序和侵害学生人身、财产安全的违法行为;
  (二)公安、住建和交通运输部门应当在学校门前道路设置规范的警告、限速、慢行、让行等交通标志,施划人行横线,根据需要设置交通信号灯、减速带、过街天桥等设施;
  地处交通复杂路段的学校上下学时间,公安机关应当根据需要部署警力或者交通协管人员维护道路交通秩序;
  公安机关和交通运输部门应当依法对接送学生的车辆进行监督管理,禁止没有资质的车辆搭载往返的学生;
  (三)住建、规划部门应当加强对学校周边建设工程的检查与整治,禁止任何单位和个人违法、违章在学校围墙或者建筑物边建设工程;
  (四)文广新、工商、公安等部门应当依法对校园周边环境进行检查与整治。重点对学校周边的网吧、歌舞厅、洗脚屋、按摩屋、电子游戏厅、棋牌馆等营业性场所的监督管理,取缔非法经营。禁止在校园周边设立易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性、腐蚀性等危险物品的生产、经营、储存、使用场所或者设施以及可能影响学校安全的场所或者设施;
  (五)文广新、公安、工商、住建等部门应当依法取缔学校周边兜售非法出版物的游商和无证摊点,查处学校周边制售有淫秽色情、凶杀暴力等内容的出版物的单位和个人;
  (六)卫生、工商、住建等部门应当对校园周边饮食单位的卫生状况进行监督检查,取缔非法经营的小卖部、饮食摊点。
  第四章 奖惩
  第十九条 各级各部门要严格履行中小学幼儿园安全保卫职责,成绩显著或做出突出贡献的单位和个人,应当视情况给予表彰奖励。
  第二十条 对不依法履行校园安全保卫管理职责的单位或个人,由上级主管部门或所在单位给予通报批评,对负责人和直接责任人由上级主管部门和所在单位视情节轻重给予批评教育或行政处分,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
  第二十一条 学校幼儿园不执行安全保卫标准,不履行安全保卫职责,对重大隐患未及时采取措施的,主管的教育部门和监管的公安部门应当责令限期整改,对拒不整改或有下列情形之一的,教育行政部门应当对学校负责人和直接责任人给予行政处分;公安机关应当给予警告、罚款或建议教育行政部门给予行政处分;构成犯罪的依法追究刑事责任:
  (一)未根据工作需要设置保卫机构、配备专、兼职保卫干部与专职保安人员的;
  (二)未按标准设置实体防护设施和技术防范设备的;
  (三)未依据标准给保卫人员配备通讯设备和防护器械的;
  (四)未制定和落实内部治安保卫制度的;
  (五)未建立学校主要负责人、教师、部门、重要部位负责人治安保卫责任制的;
  (六)未制定内部治安突发事件处置预案或未定期组织演练的。
  第五章 附则
  第二十二条 本规定自公布之日起施行。
  

江西省行政机关实施行政许可听证办法

江西省人民政府


江西省行政机关实施行政许可听证办法(附:英文译本)

文号:江西省人民政府令第156号
《江西省行政机关实施行政许可听证办法》已经2007年4月23日省人民政府第58次常务会议审议通过,现予公布,自2007年7月1日起施行。
  
   省长吴新雄
  
   二○○七年四月二十九日

  
   江西省行政机关实施行政许可听证办法
  
  
  第一条 为规范行政机关实施行政许可的听证活动,保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,维护公共利益和社会秩序,保障和监督行政机关有效实施行政许可,根据《中华人民共和国行政许可法》,结合本省实际,制定本办法。
  
  第二条 本省行政区域内各级行政机关实施行政许可听证(以下简称听证),适用本办法。
  
  法律、法规授权实施行政许可的具有管理公共事务职能的组织,适用本办法有关行政机关的规定。
  
  第三条 行政机关实施下列行政许可事项,应当组织听证:
  
  (一)法律、法规、规章规定实施行政许可应当听证的事项;
  
  (二)行政机关认为需要听证的涉及公共利益的重大行政许可事项;
  
  (三)被依法告知听证权利的行政许可申请人、利害关系人在法定期限内提出听证申请的事项。
  
  第四条 听证应当遵循合法、公开、公平、公正、高效和便民的原则。
  
  除涉及国家秘密、商业秘密或者个人隐私的外,听证会一律公开举行,并允许公民、法人和其他组织旁听,接受社会监督。
  
  第五条 听证由有权作出行政许可决定的行政机关组织;依法接受委托实施行政许可的行政机关应当以委托行政机关的名义组织听证。
  
  依法应当经两个或者两个以上行政机关分别实施的行政许可事项须听证的,应当分别组织听证,或者联合组织听证。
  
  依法应当先经下级行政机关审查后,报上级行政机关决定的行政许可事项须听证的,由最终作出行政许可决定的行政机关组织听证;但该行政许可事项依法应当报国务院或者国务院部门作出行政许可决定的,按国家有关规定执行。
  
  第六条 听证人包括:听证主持人、听证员、记录员。
  
  听证主持人和听证员由行政机关负责人指定;记录员由听证主持人指定。
  
  第七条 听证主持人应当符合下列条件:
  
  (一)是审查该行政许可申请的工作人员以外的人员;
  
  (二)熟悉听证程序以及与该行政许可事项有关的法律、法规、规章的规定;
  
  (三)具有一定的组织能力;
  
  (四)法律、法规、规章规定的其他条件。
  
  第八条 听证主持人履行下列职责:
  
  (一)组织制定听证方案;
  
  (二)确定听证会的时间、地点;
  
  (三)组织听证会的进行;
  
  (四)接收有关证据;
  
  (五)维持听证会秩序;
  
  (六)组织提出听证报告书;
  
  (七)法律、法规、规章和本办法规定的其他职责。
  
  听证员负责协助听证主持人履行前款规定的职责。
  
  第九条 听证参加人包括:行政机关审查该行政许可申请的工作人员、行政许可申请人、利害关系人,以及本办法第十一条规定的委托代理人、鉴定人、证人。
  
  第十条 行政机关对本办法第三条第(一)、(二)项规定的行政许可事项,应当在作出行政许可决定前,以公告的形式向社会告知听证的事项、拟作出行政许可决定的主要内容,以及报名参加听证的办法等,公告的时间不得少于15日。
  
  行政机关对本办法第三条第(三)项规定的行政许可事项,应当在作出行政许可决定前,书面告知行政许可申请人、利害关系人享有要求听证的权利;行政许可申请人、利害关系人在被告知听证权利之日起5日内提出听证申请的,行政机关应当在20日内组织听证。
  
  第十一条 报名或者申请参加听证会的利害关系人较多时,组织听证的行政机关可以要求利害关系人在规定时间内自行推选代表人参加听证,并提交载明代表人基本情况的书面材料,由听证主持人审核确认;逾期未推选的,由组织听证的行政机关按照报名、申请的顺序或者采取抽签等公平、公开的方式确定代表人作为听证参加人,并予以公布。
  
  前款代表人的人数,由组织听证的行政机关根据听证事项的具体情况,按照不同主张的人员人数基本相同的原则确定,并予以公布。
  
  代表人参加听证的行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力,但代表人变更或者放弃听证主张的,应当经被代表的当事人同意。
  
  第十二条 行政许可申请人、利害关系人可以委托1至2名代理人参加听证;委托代理人参加听证的,应当向组织听证的行政机关提交载明委托事项及权限,并由委托人签名或者盖章的授权委托书,由听证主持人审核确认。委托代理人代为变更或者放弃听证主张,或者代为放弃陈述权、申辩权、质证权的,应当有委托人的明确授权。
  
  审查该行政许可申请的工作人员、行政许可申请人、利害关系人认为有关问题需要鉴定,或者有证人证明其听证主张的,可以请鉴定人或者证人参加听证,并向组织听证的行政机关提交有关的证明材料,由听证主持人审核确认。
  
  第十三条 听证主持人有下列情形之一的,应当自行回避;行政许可申请人、利害关系人有权以口头或者书面形式申请其回避:
  
  (一)是该行政许可申请的审查人员;
  
  (二)与该行政许可申请人、利害关系人或者他们的委托代理人是近亲属的;
  
  (三)与听证的行政许可事项有直接利害关系的;
  
  (四)与该行政许可申请人、利害关系人有其他关系,可能影响听证的公正性的。
  
  前款规定,适用于听证员、记录员、鉴定人。
  
  听证主持人的回避,由行政机关负责人决定;听证员、记录员、鉴定人的回避,由听证主持人决定。
  
  第十四条 组织听证的行政机关应当在听证会举行的7日前,向听证参加人送达《行政许可听证通知书》,必要时予以公告。
  
  《行政许可听证通知书》应当载明下列事项:
  
  (一)听证的行政许可事项;
  
  (二)拟作出行政许可决定的主要内容;
  
  (三)举行听证会的时间、地点;
  
  (四)听证主持人的姓名、职务;
  
  (五)其他应当载明的事项。
  
  第十五条 听证会按照下列程序进行:
  
  (一)听证主持人宣布听证会开始,介绍听证参加人和听证的行政许可事项,核对行政许可申请人、利害关系人的身份;
  
  (二)听证员宣读听证会纪律;
  
  (三)审查该行政许可申请的工作人员陈述审查意见及所依据的事实、理由和适用的法律、法规、规章,出示证据;
  
  (四)行政许可申请人、利害关系人按照听证主持人安排的顺序,陈述主张及相关事实、理由和法律、法规、规章依据,出示证据;
  
  (五)进行申辩和质证,需请鉴定人出示鉴定意见或者证人作证的,须经听证主持人允许;
  
  (六)申辩和质证终结,审查该行政许可申请的工作人员、行政许可申请人、利害关系人按照听证主持人安排的顺序,作最后陈述;
  
  (七)听证主持人宣布听证会结束。
  
  听证主持人应当中立、客观、全面地听取听证参加人的陈述。
  
  听证会举行的当日不能完成本条第一款规定程序的,听证主持人应当宣布择期继续举行听证会。
  
  第十六条 在听证会进行过程中,听证主持人可以询问听证参加人;经听证主持人允许,审查该行政许可申请的工作人员、行政许可申请人、利害关系人可以相互发问,也可以向鉴定人、证人发问。
  
  第十七条 听证应当制作听证笔录。听证笔录应当载明下列内容:
  
  (一)听证的行政许可事项;
  
  (二)听证主持人、听证员和记录员的姓名、职务;
  
  (三)听证参加人的姓名、地址等基本情况和出席听证会的情况;
  
  (四)听证会举行的时间、地点;
  
  (五)听证会是否公开举行,不公开举行的理由;
  
  (六)审查该行政许可申请的工作人员、行政许可申请人、利害关系人的陈述及提出的事实、理由、依据、证据;
  
  (七)鉴定人的鉴定结论和证人证言;
  
  (八)申辩和质证情况;
  
  (九)听证主持人在听证会进行过程中对有关事项的处理情况;
  
  (十)听证主持人认为应当记录的其他事项。
  
  审查该行政许可申请的工作人员、行政许可申请人、利害关系人在听证时提出的经过质证的证据材料,应当作为听证笔录的附件。
  
  第十八条 听证笔录应当由听证参加人签名或者盖章;听证参加人拒绝签名或者盖章的,应当记录在卷。
  
  听证参加人认为听证笔录对自己的陈述记录有遗漏或者差错的,有权向听证主持人申请补正;不予补正的,应当将申请记录在卷。
  
  第十九条 听证会结束后,听证主持人应当会同听证员、记录员在5日内,根据听证笔录制作听证报告书,连同听证笔录报送本行政机关负责人。
  
  行政机关对依法举行了听证会的行政许可事项,应当根据听证笔录作出行政许可决定。
  
  第二十条 有下列情形之一的,可以延期举行听证:
  
  (一)因不可抗力导致听证会无法按期举行的;
  
  (二)行政许可申请人、利害关系人申请延期,有正当理由的;
  
  (三)依法可以延期的其他情形。
  
  延期举行听证会的,组织听证的行政机关应当通知听证参加人;延期的情形消失后,组织听证的行政机关应当在3日内举行听证会,并书面通知听证参加人。
  
  第二十一条 有下列情形之一,可以中止听证:
  
  (一)听证会进行过程中提出新的事实、理由和证据,听证主持人认为有待调查核实的;
  
  (二)回避申请在听证会开始后提出的;
  
  (三)依法可以中止听证的其他情形。
  
  中止听证的情形消失后,组织听证的行政机关应当在3日内恢复举行听证,并通知听证参加人。
  
  第二十二条 有下列情形之一的,可以终止听证:
  
  (一)行政许可申请人、利害关系人撤回申请的;
  
  (二)行政许可申请人、利害关系人无正当理由不参加听证会,或者未经听证主持人允许中途退场的;
  
  (三)依法应当终止听证程序的其他情形。
  
  第二十三条 行政许可申请人、利害关系人对本办法第三条第(三)项规定的行政许可事项,在规定时间内均未提出听证申请的,视为放弃听证要求,行政机关应当作书面记载,并可以在对行政许可申请进行全面、客观、公正审查的基础上,依法作出行政许可决定。
  
  第二十四条 行政机关及其工作人员违反《中华人民共和国行政许可法》和本办法的规定,有下列情形之一的,由其上级行政机关或者监察机关责令改正;情节严重的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予行政处分:
  
  (一)未向行政许可申请人、利害关系人履行法定告知听证权利的义务的;
  
  (二)依法应当举行听证而未举行听证的;
  
  (三)不履行或者不正确履行听证职责的;
  
  (四)未依据听证笔录作出行政许可决定的。
  
  第二十五条 行政许可申请人、利害关系人或者其他人员扰乱听证会秩序或者有其他妨碍听证会正常进行行为的,听证主持人有权予以制止或者责令其退场;情节严重的,由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
  
  第二十六条 行政许可申请人、利害关系人不承担行政机关组织听证的费用。听证所需经费应当列入本行政机关的预算,由本级财政予以保障。
  
  第二十七条 本办法规定的期限以工作日计算,不含法定节假日。
  
  行政机关组织听证的时间,不计算在实施该行政许可事项的法定期限内;其实施行政许可的期限,自听证程序结束、终止的次日起接续计算。
  
  第二十八条 本办法自2007年7月1日起施行。


  英文译本

Measures of Jiangxi Province for Public Hearings of the Implementation of Administrative License by the Administrative Organ


These Measures of Jiangxi Province for Public Hearings of the Implementation of Administrative License by the Administrative Organ, adopted at the 58th session of the executive meeting of the People’s Government of Jiangxi Province on April 23, 2007, are hereby promulgated and shall come into effect as of July 1, 2007.


Governor: Wu Xinxiong

April 29, 2007


  Article 1 In order to regulate the hearing procedures of implementation of Administrative License by the Administrative Organ, protect the legal rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, safeguard the public interests and social order, and ensure and supervise the effective implementation of administrative license, these measures are formulated in accordance with the specific circumstances of the province and the Administrative License Law of the People's Republic of China.

  Article 2 These measures shall apply to the public hearing of implementation of Administrative License by the administrative organs at all levels within the administrative areas of the province (hereinafter referred to as “hearing”).

The provisions concerning the administrative organ in these measures shall be applicable to the organization with a function of implementing Administrative License or managing public affairs under the authorization of a law or regulation.

  Article 3 A hearing should be organized upon implementation of the following administrative license matters by the administrative organs:

  (1) A hearing as provided for the implementation of administrative license in any law, regulation or rule;

  (2) Any licensing matters considered by the administrative organ to be of great importance to the public interests;

  (3) Licensing matters applied within the statutory time limit by the applicants and the interested parties of administrative license who have been informed the legal right to a hearing in accordance with law;

  Article 4 The hearing shall observe the principles of legality, openness, fairness and impartiality, high efficiency and convenience.

  The hearing shall be held in public except that it involves state secrets, business secrets and individual privacy. Citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall have the access to observing and supervising the hearing proceedings.

  Article 5 The hearing should be organized by the administrative organs which are entitled to make administrative license decisions. The administrative organs which are legally entrusted with the implementation of the administrative license should organize the hearing in the name of the entrusting administrative organ.

  If an administrative licensing matter to be implemented respectively by two or more administrative organs needs hearing, it should be organized separately or jointly.

  In accordance with law, where an administrative license should be subject to the examination of the lower administrative organ before it is reported and submitted to the upper administrative organ for decision, the hearing should be organized by the administrative organ that makes the final administrative decision. But when an administrative license should be reported to the State Council or the departments under the State Council for administrative license decisions, the relevant state regulations prevail.

  Article 6 The hearing staff includes the chairperson of the hearing, the hearing officers and the notetaker.

  The chairperson of the hearings and the hearing officers shall be decided by the director of the administrative organ. The clerk shall be decided by the chairperson of the hearing.

  Article 7 The chairperson of the hearings should meet the following requirements:

  (1) Those who are not responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license;

  (2) Those who are familiar with the hearing procedures of the administrative license and related laws, regulations and rules;

  (3) Those with a certain organizing ability;

  (4) Those who meet the other requirements stipulated in the laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 8 The chairperson of the hearing shall perform the following functions during the hearing:

  (1) Make the plan of the hearing;

  (2) Decide the time and place of the hearings;

  (3) Organize the hearings;

  (4) Receive relevant evidence;

  (5) Maintain the proper order of the hearings;

  (6) Prepare and work out the hearing report;

  (7) Fulfill other duties as provided in any law, regulation, rule and these measures.

  The hearing officers shall assist the chairperson of the hearings in performing the functions and duties stipulated above.

  Article 9 The participants of the hearing include the persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative  license, the applicants of administrative license, the interested parties,the entrusted agents, the identifiers and the witnesses as provided in Article 12 of these measures.

  Article 10 For the administrative license matters listed in Items 1and 2 of Article 3,the administrative organ shall announce to the public the information about the matters under administrative license of the hearing, the main content of administrative license decisions and the way to participate in the hearing before making the administrative decision. The duration of the announcement shall not be less than 15 days.

  For the administrative license matters listed in Item 3 of Article 3,the administrative organ shall inform the applicant of the administrative license or the interested party of the right to request for a hearing by means of written notice. Where the applicant or interested party applies for a hearing within 5 days from the day when he or she is informed of such right, the administrative organ shall organize a hearing within 20 days.

  Article 11 When there are lots of interested parties applying to participate in the hearing, the administrative organ which organizes the hearing can ask the interested parties to select their own representatives to participate in the hearing in a specified time and submit written materials which contain basic information of the representatives for the chairperson to examine. If no representatives are selected within the time limit, the administrative organ that organizes the hearing should select the representatives according to the application order or by means of drawing straws or in other fair and open ways.

  The number of representatives should be decided by the administrative organ that organizes the hearing according to the specific circumstances of the hearing and according to the basic principle that the numbers of people with different opinions are equally represented, and the number of the representatives should be announced.

  The acts of such representatives in the hearing shall be valid for the party they represent; however, modification or waiver of the hearing claims by the representatives shall be subject to the consent of the party they represent.

  Article 12 The applicants of the administrative license and the interested parties may entrust one or two agents to participate in the hearing. Where the entrusted agents participate in the hearing, a Power of Attorney containing the explicit description of the entrusted matters and the limits of authority and bearing the signature or seal of the entrusting party shall be submitted to the chairperson of the hearing for examining. Modification or waiver of the hearing claims or the disclamation of the rights to make statements, defend and conduct cross-examinations shall be subject to the authorization of the entrusting party.

  If the persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license, the applicants and the interested parties consider it is necessary to identify relevant matters,or there are witnesses to prove their hearing claims, identifiers and witnesses could be invited to participate in the hearing. Relevant supporting materials shall be submitted to the administrative organ for the chairperson of the hearing to examine.

  Article 13 Under any of the following circumstances, a chairperson of the hearing shall voluntarily withdraw from holding a hearing, while the applicants or any interested parties are entitled to require the withdrawal of such a person from the hearing in oral or written form.

  (1) He or she is one of the examining personnel of the case;

  (2) He or she is the close relative of an applicant of the administrative license, an interested party, or the entrusted agent of the case;

  (3) He or she is one of the personnel who have direct interests with the administrative licensing matter;

  (4) He or she has some other relationship with the applicant or the interested party of the case,which may affect the impartial hearing of the case.

  The provisions of the preceding paragraph are applicable to the hearing officers, the notetakers, and the identifiers.

  The withdrawal of the chairperson from the hearing shall be decided by the director of the administrative organ. The withdrawal of the notetaker and the identifiers shall be decided by the chairperson of the hearing.

  Article 14 The administrative organ shall send the "administrative license hearing notice" to the participants of the hearing 7 days before it is held, and shall announce it to the public if necessary;

"Administrative license hearing notice" should include:

  (1) The matters under administrative license of the hearing;

  (2) The main content of administrative license decisions;

  (3) The time and place of the hearing to be held;

  (4) The name and title of the chairperson of the hearing;

  (5) Other matters that should be made clear.

  Article 15 The public hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the following procedure:

  (1) The chairperson of the hearing should announce the commencement of the hearing, introduce the participants of the hearing and the Administrative License matters and check the identities of the participants of administrative license and the interested parties.

  (2) The hearing officer reads the hearing disciplines;

  (3) The persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license shall provide proofs, reasons and laws, regulations and rules for the examination opinions and present evidence;

  (4) The applicants and the interested parties shall make their statements and provide related proofs, reasons and laws, regulations and rules and present evidence with the order arranged by the chairperson of the hearing;

  (5) Where it is necessary for the identifier to read out the conclusion of verification in the course of defense and cross-examination, or for the witness to testify, the chairperson of the hearing should give permission first;

  (6) After the defense and cross-examination, the persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license, the applicants and the interested parties should make their final statements with the order arranged by the chairperson of the hearing;

  (7) The chairperson of the hearing announces the closure of the hearing.

  The chairperson of the hearing should be neutral, objective and impartial in hearing the statements of the participants of the hearing.

  If the procedures mentioned in the first paragraph of this article can’t be completed, the chairperson of the hearing should declare that the hearing will continue later.

  Article 16 During the hearing, the chairperson of the hearing can question the participants of the hearing; with the permission given by the chairperson of the hearing, the persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license, the applicants and the parties can question each other and can also question the identifiers or witnesses.

  Article 17 The activities of hearing shall be recorded in the transcripts of the hearing. The transcripts of the hearing shall explicitly record the following matters:

  (1) The matters under administrative license of the hearing;

  (2) The names and titles of the chairperson of the hearing, hearing officers,and the notetaker;

  (3) The names, addresses and attendance of the participants of hearing;

  (4) The time and place of the hearing held;

  (5) Whether the hearing is held openly.If it is not,the reasons should be provided;

  (6) The statements, facts, reasons, basis and evidence provided by the persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license, the applicants of the administrative license and the interested parties;

  (7) The conclusion of verification of the identifier and the testimony of the witness;

  (8) Defense and cross-examinations;

  (9) The treatment of related matters by the chairperson of the hearing in the course of the hearing;

  (10) Any other matters that the chairperson considers to be important.

  The evidence materials of cross-examinations provided by the persons who are responsible for the examination of an application for administrative license, the applicants and the interested parties during the hearing should be included as the attachment of the transcripts of the hearing.

  Article 18 The transcripts of the hearing to the participants shall bear the signatures or the seals of the participants of the hearing. Refusal of the participants of the hearing to sign or seal shall be recorded.

  If the participants of the hearing consider that the transcripts of the hearing has omitted a part of their statement or is incorrect in some other respect, they shall have the right to request correction thereof. If no correction is made, the request for correction shall be noted in the written record.

  Article 19 After the hearing, the chairperson of the hearing shall make a Report of the Administrative License according to the transcripts of the hearing, and send it together with the transcripts to the director of the administrative organ within 5 days.

  The administrative organ shall make a decision on the administrative license according to the transcripts of the hearing.

  Article 20 Under any of the following circumstances, the public hearing shall be postponed:

  (1)The hearing is unable to be implemented due to force majeure;

  (2) The applicant of the administrative license or the interested party applies for a phased extension with valid reasons;

  (3)Other circumstances for the postponement of the hearing.

  If the hearing is postponed, the administrative organ that organizes the hearing shall inform the participants of the hearing. Where the reason for the postponement of the hearing ceases to exist, the administrative organ that organizes the hearing shall resume the hearing within 3 days and inform the participants of the hearing.

  Article 21 Under any of the following circumstances, the hearing shall be suspended:

  (1) There appear new facts, reasons and evidence during the hearing which the chairperson considers should be verified;

  (2) The requirement of the withdrawal of a hearing officer is made after the hearing has started;

  (3) Other circumstances for the suspension of the hearing.

  Where the reason for the suspension of the hearing ceases to exist, the administrative organ that organizes the hearing shall resume the hearing within 3 days and inform the participants of the hearing.

  Article 22 Under any of the following circumstances, the hearing shall be terminated:

  (1) The applicant of the administrative license or the interested party has withdrawn the application;

  (2) The applicant of the administrative license or the interested party fails to be present at the hearing without valid reasons or withdraws from the hearing without the permission of the chairperson of the hearing.

  (3) Other circumstances for the termination of the hearing

  Article 23 For the administrative license matters listed in Item 3 of Article 3 of these measures,the applicant of the administrative license or the interested party failing to file the application of hearing within the prescribed period shall be considered to disclaim the hearing right. The administrative organ shall make a written record,and make a decision on the administrative license in accordance with the law upon comprehensive, objective and fair examination.

  Article 24 Where an administrative organ and any of its functionaries violates any of the provisions of these measures or the Administrative License Law of The People's Republic of China under any of the following circumstances, the order of correction shall be given by the superior administrative organ or the supervisory organ; if the violations are serious, the direct liable persons in charge and other direct liable persons shall be given the administrative punishment in accordance with law:

  (1) Failing to inform the applicants of the administrative license or the interested parties of the hearing rights and obligations;

  (2) Failing to hold a hearing as required by the law;

  (3) Failing to perform its hearing functions or failing to fulfill the hearing obligations in this aspect;

  (4) Failing to make the administrative license decision on the basis of the transcripts of the hearing.

  Article 25 If the applicants of the administrative license, the interested parties or any other person disrupt the hearing order or contravenes the proper conduct of the hearing, the chairperson shall be entitled to stop the behavior or order them to leave. If the violation is serious, the public security office shall, according to the relevant provisions of the public order management regulations, impose a penalty. If such actions constitute a crime, criminal penalty shall be imposed.

  Article 26 The applicants of the administrative license and interested parties shall not pay for the expenses arising from the administrative organ's organization of the hearing. The essential fund for the administrative organ to implement an administrative license shall be listed in the budget of this administrative organ, which shall be ensured by the finance department of the same level.

  Article 27 he time limit referred to in these measures shall be calculated according to the working days, not including the legal holidays and leaves.

  Where an administrative organ needs to organize a hearing, the required time shall not be included in the time limit of implementation of the Administrative License. The time limit of implementation of the Administrative License should be calculated from the day after the date of termination of the hearing procedures.

  Article 28 These measures shall become effective as of July 1, 2007.